Supplementary

Details of the three evaluations categories with metric and range in this study

Evaluation Task Transformation Metric Range
Data properties Spot-level Fraction zero No Kernel Density [0, infinity) then map to [0, 1]
Library size No
TMM No
Effective library size No
Scaled variance Yes, z-score standardization
Scaled mean Yes, z-score standardization
Library size vs Fraction zero No
Sample Pearson correlation No
Gene-level Fraction zero gene No
Scaled variance Yes, z-score standardization
Scaled mean Yes, z-score standardization
Mean vs variance No
Mean vs variance (scale) Yes, log-normal transformation
Mean vs fraction zero No
Gene Pearson correlation No
Spatial-level Transition Matrix (TM) No
Neighborhood enrichment matrix (NEM) No
Centralized score matrix (CSM) No
Cell type interaction No
Moran’s I No
L statistics No
Nearest neighbor correlation No
Spatial downstream analysis Spatial clustering No Adjusted rand index (ARI) [-1, 1]
No Normalized mutual information (NMI) [0, 1]
Cell type deconvolution No Root mean square deviation (RMSE) [0, infinity)
No Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) [0, 1]
Spatially variable genes (SVG) identification No Precision [0, 1]
No Recall [0, 1]
Spatial cross-correlation No Cosine similarity [-1, 1]
No Mental statistics [-1, 1]
Scalability 200 x 200 No time [0, infinity)
3k x 500 No memory [0, infinity)
5k x 1k